peters



thenature of my said invention I will in the PATENT-crimen;

" JAMES NASMYDHQOF PATRICROFTQNAR MANoHs'rER, 'ZinIGLAYn/lmiliciaIiirfEitYv on APPARATUS ori:'mikrjnn^ ifsY srEAjMfFo-n rondine,sTnMPne, 'ANEn' CTTING'IRO'AND IOTHERSUBSTANCES;

speci,catioiiv forming part of Letters" Patent "Nol 10,' i846; No.' 86.(

The` nature of my 'said invention consists` in l'the direct applicationof the elastic force of steam to ,raising the hammers or striking blockof the machinery orhapparatus hfor forging, stamping,l and cutting ironor Vother substances and the manner in which the said improvements areto be and may be per-V1 formed is particularly described and` ascertained' in and ,bythekdrawingsliereunto annexed` and thefollowingexplanation thereof, and in order to, explain as clearly. as possiblefirst place 'describe the principle and mode hitherto generally.employed in ,the appli cation of steam'rand other power to machin` eryand; apparatus for'forging, stamping, and cutting iron jor othersubstances. In

such 'machinery and apparatus the power has hitherto, been applied/tothe hammer or striking block by means of rotary Vmotion undercertainmodifications hitherto employed for forging iron'by means of ma'-chinery, that lis,V by -means of certain ap* paratus consisting ofrevolving shafts and wheels, in vall--ofwhich apparatus certaincontri-vances f or, mechanical 'arrangements have been required forconverting the 'm01 tion of the piston and the' consequent revolvingorrotary motion of the crank shaft of the` steam engine 4or the; axle ofthe Water wheel intothe requisite risinggand' falling motionof the;hammer orstrilin'g block.

Byreferring to Figure 1 on the accom-v panying drawing a general'ideawill be obtained 'of the-Vmode'inwhichfthis iis most commonlyaccomplished, namely, by having a cam wheel' W on ytheirevolving shaftS, which as itrevolves under the tail T enables theinclinedbacks of thecams O, P, Q, R3 tot E eleva-te and let fall the hammer as eachlcam`passes in succession under thetail T. It vis therefore evident thattheforce with which thehammer strikes-the'work on the anvil A muet bedetimiiidbythei a, S'pbeX 1b@- tween the upperl surface ofthe `workthen'on the anvlluandA the face of thehammer at its workisb on theanviltherewill'bea heavy ,which isv required; and again'as the.face :oftliemhammer is only parallel with the face the anvil the work cannot beAhairline,red vpai'-,

unlessthe tail of the hammer beraised t0 forined to y,be mostinconvenient.l Ihejim- POSSlbihty 0f modifying the. force Voffthe blowat pleasure which is ,so desirable in most cases land the difficulty ofIobtaining access to both sideso'f the anvil by reason Lof the cam wheelW and tail T beingin theway Aj'expenditure of more time-,in -executingany piece of forge work than is desirable.,V :To this tmotionofthehammeror striking block and `:the liability of these parts to*` be,broken and 'of thework and in other cases of forging,

gstancesby. meansofthemachinery or apparatus lnthertoin; use for, suchpurposes land disadvantages occur. Y

.mentioned-defects injthe existing appa- Y ra-tus. and Qmachineryl haveconstructed my',

t Direct action steam `iliamnierf whereby 'blows varying. in. intensityVor force at lpleascase without the. necessity offany rotary motion orwheel'workas will be vfully underbiow which is in fact theveryreverseOfi-haft allel except when of oneparticnlanthickness suitfeachparticular piece -of work which is occasion' considerable'Vinconvenience and, the` stamping. and cutting iron or othersub Ithe samekind of inconvenience, objections,

l/Vith" the i viewV ojf obviating'ythe above,

ure `and accordingto the requirementsA of the.V

stood on inspectingthe two sheetsl of dran#4 iings' hereunto. annexedwherein my improve-L `greatest height, and it willV alsol beevident`tliatgwhenalarge pieceof WQkis` placed onA the'anvilthere willfpe a.very small fall, and*` consequentlyA a slight .blowr becauser of ,theSmil-11,1 Clear Spesebetween the fac@ Y0f thev hammerA andthe upperjsnrface of thefworlg,` and onthe other liandwhen a smallpiece of oftheanvilin one position V.or height from i may be added 'the great cost ofall thecom-4 Kplex 'machinery requisite for 'converting theg rotarymotion into ythe Vrisingand falling otherwise damagedlby reason ofthevnature` I am enabled tosupply themeans ofstriking lments arerepresented -complete .andl asl ,it wereinaction.VA *c .a 1 In Sheet l,FigaQ, is a front elevation of my direct action steam hammer suitablefor heavy workand drawn upon a scale of three eigliths of an inch to thefoot. Fig. 3 is a side elevation and Fig. 4: is a vertical section takenthrough about the middle of the apparatus. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view ofthe principal parts of the apparatus shown also in section and Fig. 6 isa general elevation of a steam hammer supposed to be in operation uponheavy work.

a a is a cylinder placed as nearly vertical as possible over the anvilb, said cylinder being supported by the two side standards c c, or beingplaced on a beam above the anvil as in Fig. G. A piston CZ works in thecylinder and is attached and connected by its rod c direct with thestriking block f which in this case serves as the hammer or blow-givingpart of the apparatus, the striking block being guided in its ascent anddescent by vertical guides g g attached to the sidey frames or standardsc c (Figs. 2, 3 and 4f) or by the guide rods L L (Fig. 6).

Steam of such an elastic force as by its action on the iuider side ofthe piston will freely lift or elevate the hammer or striking block f isadmitted by the valve i, into the cylinder a and presses upon the underside of the piston CZ and so raises or lifts up the hammer or strikingblock to such a height within the limits of the height or length of thecylinder as may be required. rI`he striking block j being now lifted bymeans of the steam to the required height the valve is moved by thevalve rod and handle j so as not only to shut off or prevent any furtherentrance of steam but is so moved downas to permit the steam whichsupports the weight of the hammer or striking block f to escape by thepipe lc. rllhe instant this is done the hammer or striking block fdescends with the full force due to the height of its fall and so givesa proportionably powerful and intense blow to the work then on theanvil. The handle 7' is again raised either by means of the downwardaction of the block f or by the hand of the attendant as may be foundmost convenient and the steam is again permitted to enter the cyliiiderand press on the under side of the piston. The hammer or striking blockis thus raised as before and by thus admitting and letting out the soadmitted steam a raising and falling motion is given to the hammer orstriking block f by the direct action of the steam and Vwithout thenecessity for any rotary motion apparatus such as shafts, wheels, &c.,

and what is of great ,importancev the height of fall and therefore theintensity of blow may be regulated at pleasure and the work may bestruck by a surface hammer or cutting instrument oi' die (of anyrequired form), the face of which hammer, cutting instrument, or diewill at all times maintain its parallelism or the same relative positionwith reference to the surface of the anvil or sustaining block whateverbe the distance between them also the force of the blow from that due tothe fulll height of fall as per- 70,`

mitted by the limits of the cylinder may be changed at any instant to aVgentle tap or minute blow, which arecapabilities or properties of greatpractical value and are important features of this my invention add `to`which the great simplicity andtherefore much smaller first cost of theentire apparatus and the great and peculiar facilities which it givesfor the execution of every variety of forge work from the free accesswhich it affords to the face of the anvilY from both sides, as seen inFigs.V 2 and 3, and from all sides, as in the case of Fig. 6, where thecylinder and block f are supported on a beam over the anvil. And thislast mentioned arrangement I conceive will be sheets or surfaces ofmetal, asin the manufacture of coppers and large pans and the stampingof plates with any particular device or embossing and in the cutting outof any large pattern or ligure and the stamppeculiarly valuable inhammering ilarge`A`Y` ing or breaking up of large masses of ores andother obdurate substances.

In applying the principle of the direct action of the steam to raisingthe hammer or striking block as above described it is important toattend to the manner in which 1 I form the connection between the pistonrod and the Vhammer or striking block f,

namely, by interposing an elastic or compressible substance Z betweenthe upper and Y effectV from the shock or jerk whichmight otherwise betransmitted'to the piston, piston rod, or cylinder, either at theinstant of the blow being given or of the steam being suddenly let on intheV case where very high pressure steam is used.` And in order furtherto obviate'this latter objection arising from the sudden admission ofthe steam the under edge of the yvalve z' is cut Va little oblique tothe opening into theV cylinder so that the entrance of the steamcommencesV at one corner of the saidopening and the piston begins tomove without vany jerk. Y

By reference to Fig.V 4 the situation of the compressible substanceabove aiidunder the iio knob or eiid of the piston rod is indicated at ZZ, the substance in question being retained by the bottoni of thecylindrical recess aty Z and the top cover or collar at' Z2 which alsoserves to enable the hammer or striking block f to be disconnected fromthe piston rod at any time if required. A strong helical spring m isalso placed around the piston rod and between the cylinder and thehammer or striking block f in order to prevent any sudden concussionbetween the hammer or block (in case of the block being raised too high)and the bottom .of the cylinder which helicalspring serves also toassist the quick return of the block.V

l/Vith regard to vthe means which I give in this my invention ofsuspending or stopping the action of theV hammer at any required instantall that has to be done in that case is simply to open the valvevby the'handle-j so that the steam is permitted to enter below the piston andso to continue to sustain it in any required position the hammer orstriking block F is thereby suspended, but in order to keep it suspendedfor any great length of time a catch -or pin may be placed throughone'of the side guides c c so that the block may rest upon it. The steammay then be entirely shut 0E. I would also remark that additionalimpulse may be given to the hammer or striking block by causing theupper surface of the piston Vto be acted von .by the full pressure ofthe steam from the boiler at the instant the piston arrives at the `topofthe cylinder according to usual and well known arrangements in steamengines; also the progress of the piston may be arrested at theA top andbottom of the cylinder by the interpositionV of a cushion of steam aboveand below according to the method well known to practical engineers; butsuch arrangements are not according to my experience So convenient oradvantageous as thoseabove described.

In order to prevent the piston from being driven too high in thecylinder the upper part of the cylinder is perforated with a `se ries ofopenings n n to allow the steam to escape should the piston reach thatlevel.

I would now direct particular attention to the peculiar construction ofthe piston employed in the steam cylinder in this apparatus. The firstis exhibited clearly at d, in the sectional figures just described andwill be seen to be composed of brass or other metal and formed of adished or umbrella shape, this is in order that as the steam exerts itspressure upward the piston may be caused to expand as it ascends andthus secure the tightness or packing without any other elasticsubstances being interposed between it and the cylinder, while on thecontrary the descent of the piston is facilitated by the partialcollapse of the piston from the diminution of the pressure of the steamon the other side. And I would further observe that by the constructionjust described the piston is rendered as light as possible, beingreduced nearly to av simple plate, whereby the mischief which wouldresult both to the piston and the -pistonrod i in case the former were aheavy mass is obviated. The second description of pistoni v that Iemploy for this purpose is represented yin the detached section, Fig. 7,where a a is the steam cylinder, b b the metallic piston, c the pistonrod, and d d a packingV d cZ'and thus pack the piston and cylinder'tightly as theY piston ascends, the hole in the upper part' of thepiston permitting the steam pressure Aon the under side of the ring tocome into Aaction `and it will be graduallyV relaxed as the hammerfalls. y

I may here observe that not only may lthe required steam be generated bymeans of the waste 4heat of the furnace but also one boiler withsuitable steam pipes may be made to work any number of such hammerswhich it may be capable of supplying either all at once or in successionin which case the power is simply conveyed to each by means of steampipes in place of by shafting.

In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 represents a rsideelevation and Fig. 2 a frontelevation of another modifica-tion of my said invention drawn upon ascale of about half an inch to a foot and is intended for lighter workwhere a quick succession of blows heavy or light is required, and inthis arrangement of the machinery the apparatus for admitting andshutting o the steam to raise and lower the hammer is rendered selfacting. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the steam cylinder valve box, &c.,drawn upon a larger scale.

The principal arrangement of the machinery is similar to that justdescribed, a being the steam cylinder; Z), Z9, the hammer or blockcontaining a swage die or cutting tool as required, D the anvil, e et-he side frames or standards supporting the striking machinery, thepiston, and g the piston rod connected to the hammer or striking block bby means of the compressible or elastic medium as previously described.An important feature in this last mentioned ar-V rangement consists inthe means of rendering the machinery self acting and capable of giving arapid succession of blows. Supposing steam to be admitted into the valvechamber It by opening the steam cock at z', Fig. l, the piston with thehammer will aseend; this hammer or block is provided with a stud orprojecting piece 7c which as it ascends strikes arstop `Zupon thevertical rod m m and as this rod is connected to the slide valve rod bymeans of the lever n it instantly shuts off the steam from the cylindera turns it into the exit passage 0 and allows it to enter the cylinderagain above the piston and blow off at the pipe p. The hammer nowdescends as before and the stud or piece e strikes asimilar stop q onthe vertical stop rod m which has the contrary effect of shifting theslide valve and turning the steam again into the cylinder below thepiston the repetition of such motions will of course give acorresponding succession of blows of the hammer or striking block theintensity or rapidity of which will depend upon the setting of the stopsand the pressure of the steam.

In the construction of this apparatus I introduce a beam of timber 1 1'or other material capable of some slight compressibility provided with afew thicknesses of leather as a packing and furnishing' the hammer` orstriking block with two projecting nogs or studs t t so that at everyupward stroke of the hammer or striking block a slight concussion andrecoil shall be produced by the contact of such nogs or projections withthe beam above and thus add to the smartness of the blow upon thedescent of the hammer or striking block. Y

Having now described the nature of my for forging stamping or cuttingironlandy other substances as above described. K

In witness Vwhereof lI, therfsaidJAMEs NAS'MYTH have hereunto Vset Vmyhandl this third day of February, in the, year of our Lord onethousandeight hundred and fortyV three. t V1 Y JAMES NASMYTH. l

Vitnesses:

JOHN Davis, SAM PEARGE.

[FIRST PRIQNTED 1913.]

